Title clearly reflects the core research question, region, or phenomenon studied.

Abstract includes background, objectives, methods, key results, and main conclusions.

4–6 keywords selected and aligned with JTCA scope (trees, climate adaptation, urban heat, resilience, etc.).

Research problem and knowledge gap clearly defined.

Relevant literature summarized concisely, showing what is known and what is missing.

Study design is described clearly and reproducibly.

Sampling methods, data sources, and study sites are fully documented.

Variables, measurements, and analytical tools are defined.

Statistical or modelling techniques are detailed and justified.

Ethical approvals and data permissions are stated (where applicable).

Methodological limitations acknowledged.

Results presented clearly, without interpretation.

Figures, tables, and maps are labelled, numbered, and referenced.

Statistical significance, confidence intervals, and effect sizes reported where appropriate.

All data trends and patterns described accurately.

Results interpreted in relation to existing literature.

Implications for policy clearly discussed.

Strengths and limitations of the study acknowledged.

Alternative explanations or uncertainties considered.

Manuscript follows JTCA formatting and word count guidelines.

Spelling, grammar, and technical precision verified.

Author contributions, funding, and conflict of interest statements completed.

All authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript.